The Mopane tree and its importance #BotanyFriday
Colophospermum mopane, commonly called mopane,mopani,balsam
tree,butterfly tree,or turpentine tree, is a tree in the legume family
(Fabaceae), that grows in the far very
hot northern parts of southern Africa. The tree only occurs in Africa and is
the only species in genus Colophospermum. Its distinctive butterfly-shaped
(bifoliate) leaf and thin seed pod make it easy to identify.
In terms of human use it is, together with camel thorn and
leadwood, one of the three regionally important firewood trees. Mopane wood is
one of southern Africa's heaviest and is difficult to work because of its
hardness.However, this also makes it termite resistant. For this reason it has
long been used for building houses and fences, as railway sleepers and as pit
props. The termite-resistance and rich, reddish colouring also make it popular
for flooring. Outside Africa, mopane is gaining popularity as a heavy,
decorative wood, its uses including aquarium ornaments, bases for lamps or
sculptures, and garden accents.
The tree is a major food source for the mopane worm, the
caterpillar of the moth Gonimbrasia belina. The caterpillars are rich in
protein and are eaten by people. The mopane worm is also rich in crude fats and
contains vitamins and minerals such as iron, calcuim and phosphorus. The tree
also acts as a foodplant for a wild silk moth, Gonometa rufobrunnea. Cocoons of
the moth are harvested as wild silk, to make cloth.Mopane worm creates employment
and serve as a source of income for the majority of rural women. Harvesters
sell it in villages, towns or to the trader.
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